These cultural and demographic influences resulted in the subsequent Arabisation of the indigenous populations. Since the influence of Pan-Arabism in the 1950s and 1960s, "Arabs" has been taken to refer to a large number of people whose native regions became part of the Arab world due to the spread of Islam, Arabic tribes and the Arabic language throughout the region during the early Muslim conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries. īefore the expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661 C.E.), "Arab" referred to any of the largely nomadic and settled Arabic-speaking people from the Arabian Peninsula, Syrian Desert and Lower Mesopotamia, with some even reaching what is now northern Iraq. Arab tribes, most notably the Ghassanids and Lakhmids, began to appear in the Southern Syrian Desert from the mid 3rd century CE onward, during the mid to later stages of the Roman and Sasanian empires. The Nabataeans, an Arab people, ruled a Kingdom near Petra in the 3rd century BCE. The Arabs appear to have been under the vassalage of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–612 BCE), as well as the succeeding Neo-Babylonian (626–539 BCE), Achaemenid (539–332 BCE), Seleucid and Parthian empires. The first mention of Arabs appeared in the mid-9th century BCE, as a tribal people in Eastern and Southern Syria and the northern Arabian Peninsula. Islam started in Arabia, Arabic is the language of Islamic scripture, and most Arabs are Muslims. This contrasts with the narrower traditional definition, which refers to the descendants of the Tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. In a source that compares Arabs in Europe to other socioethnic groups, Arabs are referred to as a socioethnic group. In modern usage, the term "Arabs" tends to refer to those whose native language is Arabic and identify as such. An Arab diaspora is established around the world in significant numbers, in the Americas, Western Europe, Indonesia, Pakistan, Turkey, India and Iran. The Arabs (singular Arab singular Arabic: عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: arabīyun, Arabic pronunciation:, plural Arabic: عَرَب, DIN 31635 : ʿarab, Arabic pronunciation: ( )), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and the Western Indian Ocean islands (including the Comoros). For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation) and Arabian (disambiguation).
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